Cytotoxic tubulysin compounds for conjugation

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides one or more compounds of formula (I) for conjugation to small molecules, polymers, peptides, proteins, antibodies, antibody fragments etc.

The present invention refers to cytotoxic molecules which have beenmodified with spacer moieties in such a way that a variety of differentlinker types used in the conjugation of payloads to small molecules,polymers, peptides, proteins, antibodies, antibody fragments etc. can beadopted and thereby, many different conjugation methods can be applied.

Toxin classes used for conjugations which are derived from naturalproducts such as doxorubicins and derivatives thereof, dolastatins andderivatives thereof, maytansins and derivatives thereof, calicheamycinsand derivatives thereof, amanitins and derivatives thereof, are usuallyvery difficult to conjugate because of lack of functional groups or if afunctional group is used the biological activity is lost (F. Dosio etal. Toxins 2011, 3, 848-883 and citations therein). In contrast, in thetubulysins and their synthetic analogs, the Cytolysins two naturalfunctional groups are present, a carboxylic and a hydroxyl group; athird functional group can be used by removing a methyl group at thetertiary amino group at the N-terminus.

It is an objective of the present invention to provide novel cytotoxicmolecules having spacer systems at different positions which can be usedeither directly for conjugation by using different conjugationtechnologies such as chemical conjugation methods known in the art(BioPharm International 32-39, December 2003) or enzymatic conjugationsusing transglutaminases, sortases or other enzymes or which can be usedin combination with commonly described linker systems known in the art.

The present invention provides one or more compounds of formula (I):

whereinn is 0 or 1;

X is O or S;

Y is a CO group or a CH₂ group or a bond;R² and R³ are independently H or an alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl orheterocycloalkyl group, all of which may optionally be substituted, orR² and R³ together are a group of formula (CH₂)_(m) wherein m is 2, 3, 4or 5;R⁴ is H, an alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl or heterocycloalkyl group,all of which may optionally be substituted;R⁵ is H, an alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl or heterocycloalkyl group,all of which may optionally be substituted;R⁶ is H, an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, aralkyl orheteroaralkyl group, all of which may optionally be substituted;R⁷ is H, an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, aralkyl orheteroaralkyl group, all of which may optionally be substituted;R⁸ is H, an alkyl, heteroalkyl (e.g. —CO-alkyl) group, aralkyl orheteroaralkyl group, all of which may optionally be substituted;and eitherR¹ is H, a heteroalkyl group or a group of formula —X¹-L¹-A¹ or—X¹—CH₂—CH₂—S—S-Py, wherein Py is a 2-pyridyl group; and R⁹ is H, OH,SH, CN, NH₂, NO₂, halogen, or an alkyl, heteroalkyl (such as e.g.alkyloxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino or O—CO-alkyl), aryl (such as e.g.phenyl), heteroaryl, aryloxy or heteroaryloxy group, all of which mayoptionally be substituted; andR¹⁰ is OH, NH₂, NHNH₂, O—NH₂, or a heteroalkyl (such as e.g. alkyloxy,alkylamino, dialkylamino, O-alkylamino, O-dialkylamino or O—CO-alkyl),heteroaryl, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, heteroaralkyloxy or heteroaryloxygroup, all of which may optionally be substituted;orR¹ is H, an alkyl group or a heteroalkyl group, all of which mayoptionally be substituted; andR⁹ is H, OH, SH, CN, NH₂, NO₂, halogen, or an alkyl, heteroalkyl (suchas e.g. alkyloxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino or O—CO-alkyl), aryl (such ase.g. phenyl), heteroaryl, aryloxy or heteroaryloxy group, all of whichmay optionally be substituted; andR₁₀ is a group of formula —X²-L²-A² or —X²—CH₂—CH₂—S—S-Py, wherein Py isa 2-pyridyl group or, if Y is a bond, a heteroaryl group;orR¹ is H, an alkyl group or a heteroalkyl group, all of which mayoptionally be substituted; andR⁹ is a group of formula —X³-L³-A³ or —X³—CH₂—CH₂—S—S-Py, wherein Py isa 2-pyridyl group; andR¹⁰ is OH, NH₂, NHNH₂, O—NH₂, or a heteroalkyl (such as e.g. alkyloxy,alkylamino, dialkylamino, O-alkylamino, O-dialkylamino or O—CO-alkyl),heteroaryl, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, heteroaralkyloxy or heteroaryloxygroup, all of which may optionally be substituted;X¹ is a bond or —CO—O—, —CO—, —NH— or —NHCO—O—;X² is —NH—NH—CO—O—, —NH—NH—CO—S—, —NH—NH—CO—NH—, —NH—CO—, —NH—NH—, —O—,—O—NH—, —S— or —NH—;X³ is —O—, —S—, —NH—, —O—NH—, —O—CO—NH—, —O—CO—, —NH—CO—, —NH—CO—O—,—NH—CO—NH—, —NHNHCO—O—, —NHNHCO—S— or —NHNHCO—NH—;L¹ is a linear, optionally substituted alkylene group containing from 1to 20 (preferably from 1 to 12; especially preferably from 1 to 7)carbon atoms in the chain or a linear, optionally substitutedheteroalkylene group containing from 1 to 50 (e.g. 1 to 20; preferablyfrom 1 to 12; especially preferably from 1 to 7) carbon atoms in thechain and from 1 to 20 (e.g. 1 to 15; preferably from 1 to 10;especially preferably from 1 to 5) oxygen, sulfur and/or nitrogen atoms(preferably oxygen and/or nitrogen atoms), wherein this alkylene orheteroalkylene group may preferably optionally be substituted by one ormore alkyl group(s), heteroalkyl group(s), ═O, OH, or NH₂ group(s), andwherein this linear alkylene or heteroalkylene group may contain in itschain one or more (especially one or two) arylene or heteroarylenegroup(s);L² is a linear, optionally substituted alkylene group containing from 1to 20 (preferably from 1 to 12; especially preferably from 1 to 7)carbon atoms in the chain or a linear, optionally substitutedheteroalkylene group containing from 1 to 50 (e.g. 1 to 20; preferablyfrom 1 to 12; especially preferably from 1 to 7) carbon atoms in thechain and from 1 to 20 (e.g. 1 to 15; preferably from 1 to 10;especially preferably from 1 to 5) oxygen, sulfur and/or nitrogen atoms(preferably oxygen and/or nitrogen atoms), wherein this alkylene orheteroalkylene group may preferably optionally be substituted by one ormore alkyl group(s), heteroalkyl group(s), ═O, OH, or NH₂ group(s), andwherein this linear alkylene or heteroalkylene group may contain in itschain one or more (especially one or two) arylene or heteroarylenegroup(s);L³ is a linear, optionally substituted alkylene group containing from 1to 20 (preferably from 1 to 12; especially preferably from 1 to 7)carbon atoms in the chain or a linear, optionally substitutedheteroalkylene group containing from 1 to 50 (e.g. 1 to 20; preferablyfrom 1 to 12; especially preferably from 1 to 7) carbon atoms in thechain and from 1 to 20 (e.g. 1 to 15; preferably from 1 to 10;especially preferably from 1 to 5) oxygen, sulfur and/or nitrogen atoms(preferably oxygen and/or nitrogen atoms), wherein this alkylene orheteroalkylene group may preferably optionally be substituted by one ormore alkyl group(s), heteroalkyl group(s), ═O, OH, or NH₂ group(s), andwherein this linear alkylene or heteroalkylene group may contain in itschain one or more (especially one or two) arylene or heteroarylenegroup(s);A¹ is OH, SH, NH₂, N₃ or NH—C₁₋₆alkyl, a group of formula—NH—CO—CH₂—NH—(CO—CH₂—NH—)_(w)CO—CH₂—NH₂, or a C₂-C₆ alkynyl group or anoptionally substituted heteroaryl group or an optionally substitutedheterocycloalkyl group or an optionally substitutedheteroalkylcycloalkyl group or an optionally substituted heteroaralkylgroup or an optionally substituted aryl group or an optionallysubstituted aralkyl group, wherein w is an integer of from 1 to 5; andA² is OH, SH, NH₂, N₃ or NH—C₁₋₆alkyl, a group of formula—NH—CO—CH₂—NH—(CO—CH₂—NH—)_(w)CO—CH₂—NH₂, or a C₂-C₆ alkynyl group or anoptionally substituted heteroaryl group or an optionally substitutedheterocycloalkyl group or an optionally substitutedheteroalkylcycloalkyl group or an optionally substituted heteroaralkylgroup or an optionally substituted aryl group or an optionallysubstituted aralkyl group, wherein w is an integer of from 1 to 5;A³ is OH, SH, NH₂, N₃ or NH—C₁₋₆alkyl, a group of formula—NH—CO—CH₂—NH—(CO—CH₂—NH—)_(w)CO—CH₂—NH₂, or a C₂-C₆ alkynyl group or anoptionally substituted heteroaryl group or an optionally substitutedheterocycloalkyl group or an optionally substitutedheteroalkylcycloalkyl group or an optionally substituted heteroaralkylgroup or an optionally substituted aryl group or an optionallysubstituted aralkyl group, wherein w is an integer of from 1 to 5;or a pharmacologically acceptable salt, solvate or hydrate thereof.

The expression alkyl refers to a saturated, straight-chain or branchedhydrocarbon group that contains preferably from 1 to carbon atoms, morepreferably from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, especially from 1 to 6 (e.g. 1, 2,3 or 4) carbon atoms, for example methyl (Me), ethyl, propyl, isopropyl,isobutyl, n-butyl, sek-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl,2-methylbutyl, n-hexyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl or 2,3-dimethylbutyl.

The expressions alkenyl and alkynyl refer to at least partiallyunsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon groups that containpreferably from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably from 2 to 12carbon atoms, especially from 2 to 6 (e.g. 2, 3 or 4) carbon atoms, forexample an ethenyl, allyl, acetylenyl, propargyl, isoprenyl orhex-2-enyl group. Preferably, alkenyl groups have one or two (especiallypreferably one) double bond(s), and alkynyl groups have one or two(especially preferably one) triple bond(s).

Furthermore, the terms alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl refer to groups inwhich one or more hydrogen atoms (e.g. 1, 2 or 3 hydrogen atoms) havebeen replaced by a halogen atom (preferably F or Cl) such as, forexample, a 2,2,2-trichloroethyl or a trifluoromethyl group.

The expression heteroalkyl refers to an alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl groupin which one or more (preferably 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) carbon atoms have beenreplaced by an oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, boron, selenium, silicon orsulfur atom (preferably by an oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atom) or by aSO or a SO₂ group. The expression heteroalkyl furthermore refers to acarboxylic acid or to a group derived from a carboxylic acid, such as,for example, acyl (alkyl-CO—), acylalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, acyloxy,acyloxyalkyl, carboxyalkylamide or alkoxycarbonyloxy. Furthermore, theterm heteroalkyl refers to groups in which one or more hydrogen atomshave been replaced by a halogen atom (preferably F or Cl).

Preferably, a heteroalkyl group contains from 1 to 12 carbon atoms andfrom 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur(especially oxygen and nitrogen). Especially preferably, a heteroalkylgroup contains from 1 to 6 (e.g. 1, 2, 3 or 4) carbon atoms and 1, 2 or3 (especially 1 or 2) heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen andsulphur (especially oxygen and nitrogen).

The term C₁-C₈ heteroalkyl refers to a heteroalkyl group containing from1 to 8 carbon atoms and 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from O, S and/orN (especially O and/or N). The term C₁-C₆ heteroalkyl refers to aheteroalkyl group containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and 1, 2 or 3heteroatoms selected from 0, S and/or N (especially O and/or N).Furthermore, the term heteroalkyl refers to groups in which one or morehydrogen atoms have been replaced by a halogen atom (preferably F orCl).

Examples of heteroalkyl groups are groups of formulae: R^(a)—O—Y^(a)—,R^(a)—S—Y^(a)—, R^(a)—N(R^(b))—Y^(a)—, R^(a)—CO—Y^(a)—,R^(a)—O—CO—Y^(a)—, R^(a)—CO—O—Y^(a)—, R^(a)—CO—N(R^(b))—Y^(a)—,R^(a)—N(R^(b))—CO—Y^(a)—, R^(a)—O—CO—N(R^(b))—Y^(a)—,R^(a)—N(R^(b))—CO—O—Y^(a)—, R^(a)—N(R^(b))—CO—N(R^(c))—Y^(a)—,R^(a)—O—CO—O—Y^(a)—, R^(a)—N(R^(b))—C(═NR^(d))—N(R^(c))—Y^(a)—,R^(a)—CS—Y^(a)—, R^(a)—O—CS—Y^(a)—, R^(a)—CS—O—Y^(a)—,R^(a)—CS—N(R^(b))—Y^(a)—, R^(a)—N(R^(b))—CS—Y^(a)—,R^(a)—O—CS—N(R^(b))—Y^(a)—, R^(a)—N(R^(b))—CS—O—Y^(a)—,R^(a)—N(R^(b))—CS—N(R^(c))—Y^(a)—, R^(a)—O—CS—O—Y^(a)—,R^(a)—S—CO—Y^(a)—, R^(a)—CO—S—Y^(a)—, R^(a)—S—CO—N(R^(b))—Y^(a)—,—R^(a)—N(R^(b))—CO—S—Y^(a)—, R^(a)—S—CO—O—Y^(a)—, R^(a)—O—CO—S—Y^(a)—,R^(a)—S—CO—S—Y^(a)—, R^(a)—S—CS—Y^(a)—, R^(a)—CS—S—Y^(a)—,R^(a)—S—CS—N(R^(b))—Y^(a)—, R^(a)—N(R^(b))—CS—S—Y^(a)—,R^(a)—S—CS—O—Y^(a)—, R^(a)—O—CS—S—Y^(a)—, wherein R^(a) is a hydrogenatom, a C₁-C₆ alkyl, a C₂-C₆ alkenyl or a C₂-C₆ alkynyl group; R^(b) isa hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₆ alkyl, a C₂-C₆ alkenyl or a C₂-C₆ alkynylgroup; R^(c) is a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₆ alkyl, a C₂-C₆ alkenyl or aC₂-C₆ alkynyl group; R^(d) is a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₆ alkyl, a C₂-C₆alkenyl or a C₂-C₆ alkynyl group and Y^(a) is a direct bond, a C₁-C₆alkylene, a C₂-C₆ alkenylene or a C₂-C₆ alkynylene group, wherein eachheteroalkyl group contains at least one carbon atom and one or morehydrogen atoms may be replaced by halogen (e.g. fluorine or chlorine)atoms.

Specific examples of heteroalkyl groups are methoxy, trifluoromethoxy,ethoxy, n-propyloxy, isopropyloxy, tert-butyloxy, methoxymethyl,ethoxymethyl, —CH₂CH₂OH, —CH₂OH, —CH₂CH₂SH, —CH₂SH, —CH₂CH₂SSCH₂CH₂NH₂,—CH₂CH₂SSCH₂CH₂COOH, methoxyethyl, methylamino, ethylamino,dimethylamino, diethyl-amino, isopropylethylamino, methylamino methyl,ethylamino methyl, diisopropylamino ethyl, enol ether, dimethylaminomethyl, dimethylamino ethyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryloxy, acetyloxy,methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, N-ethyl-N-methylcarbamoyl orN-methylcarbamoyl. Further examples of heteroalkyl groups are nitrile,isonitrile, cyanate, thio-cyanate, isocyanate, isothiocyanate andalkylnitrile groups.

The expression cycloalkyl refers to a saturated or partially unsaturated(for example, a cycloalkenyl group) cyclic group that contains one ormore rings (preferably 1 or 2), and contains from 3 to 14 ring carbonatoms, preferably from 3 to (especially 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7) ring carbonatoms. The expression cycloalkyl refers furthermore to groups in whichone or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine, chlorine,bromine or iodine atoms or by OH, ═O, SH, ═S, NH₂, ═NH, N₃ or NO₂groups, thus, for example, cyclic ketones such as, for example,cyclohexanone, 2-cyclohexenone or cyclopentanone. Further specificexamples of cycloalkyl groups are a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,cyclopentyl, spiro[4,5]decanyl, norbornyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentenyl,cyclohexadienyl, decalinyl, bicyclo[4.3.0]nonyl, tetraline,cyclopentyl-cyclohexyl, fluorocyclohexyl or cyclohex-2-enyl group.

The expression heterocycloalkyl refers to a cycloalkyl group as definedabove in which one or more (preferably 1, 2 or 3) ring carbon atoms,each independently, have been replaced by an oxygen, nitrogen, silicon,selenium, phosphorus or sulfur atom (preferably by an oxygen, sulfur ornitrogen atom) or a SO group or a SO₂ group. A heterocycloalkyl grouphas preferably 1 or 2 ring(s) containing from 3 to 10 (especially 3, 4,5, 6 or 7) ring atoms (preferably selected from C, O, N and S). Theexpression heterocycloalkyl refers furthermore to groups that aresubstituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atoms or by OH, ═O,SH, ═S, NH₂, ═NH, N₃ or NO₂ groups.

Examples are a piperidyl, prolinyl, imidazolidinyl, piperazinyl,morpholinyl, urotropinyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetra-hydrothiophenyl,tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl or 2-pyrazolinyl group and alsolactames, lactones, cyclic imides and cyclic anhydrides.

The expression alkylcycloalkyl refers to a group that contains bothcycloalkyl and also alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl groups in accordance withthe above definitions, for example alkylcycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl,alkylcycloalkenyl, alkenylcycloalkyl and alkynylcycloalkyl groups. Analkylcycloalkyl group preferably contains a cycloalkyl group thatcontains one or two ring systems having from 3 to 10 (especially 3, 4,5, 6 or 7) ring carbon atoms, and one or two alkyl, alkenyl or alkynylgroups having 1 or 2 to 6 carbon atoms.

The expression heteroalkylcycloalkyl refers to alkylcycloalkyl groups asdefined above in which one or more (preferably 1, 2 or 3) carbon atoms,each independently, have been replaced by an oxygen, nitrogen, silicon,selenium, phosphorus or sulfur atom (preferably by an oxygen, sulfur ornitrogen atom). A heteroalkylcycloalkyl group preferably contains 1 or 2ring systems having from 3 to 10 (especially 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7) ringatoms, and one or two alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or heteroalkyl groupshaving from 1 or 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of such groups arealkylheterocycloalkyl, alkylheterocycloalkenyl, alkenylheterocycloalkyl,alkynylheterocycloalkyl, heteroalkylcycloalkyl,heteroalkylheterocycloalkyl and heteroalkyl-heterocycloalkenyl, thecyclic groups being saturated or mono-, di- or tri-unsaturated.

The expression aryl or Ar refers to an aromatic group that contains oneor more rings containing from 6 to 14 ring carbon atoms, preferably from6 to 10 (especially 6) ring carbon atoms. The expression aryl (or Ar,respectively) refers furthermore to groups that are substituted byfluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atoms or by OH, SH, NH₂, N₃ or NO₂groups. Examples are the phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, 2-fluorophenyl,anilinyl, 3-nitrophenyl or 4-hydroxyphenyl group.

The expression heteroaryl refers to an aromatic group that contains oneor more rings containing from 5 to 14 ring atoms, preferably from 5 to10 (especially 5 or 6) ring atoms, and contains one or more (preferably1, 2, 3 or 4) oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus or sulfur ring atoms(preferably O, S or N). The expression heteroaryl refers furthermore togroups that are substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodineatoms or by OH, SH, N₃, NH₂ or NO₂ groups. Examples are pyridyl (e.g.4-pyridyl), imidazolyl (e.g. 2-imidazolyl), phenylpyrrolyl (e.g.3-phenylpyrrolyl), thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl,1,2,4-triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, indolyl, indazolyl,tetrazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl,triazolyl, tetrazolyl, isoxazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, benzimidazolyl,benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzthiazolyl, pyridazinyl, quinolinyl,isoquinolinyl, pyrrolyl, purinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, pyrimidyl,2,3′-bifuryl, pyrazolyl (e.g. 3-pyrazolyl) and isoquinolinyl groups.

The expression aralkyl refers to a group containing both aryl and alsoalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and/or cycloalkyl groups in accordance with theabove definitions, such as, for example, an arylalkyl, arylalkenyl,arylalkynyl, arylcycloalkyl, aryl-cycloalkenyl, alkylarylcycloalkyl andalkylarylcycloalkenyl group. Specific examples of aralkyls are toluene,xylene, mesitylene, styrene, benzyl chloride, o-fluorotoluene,1H-indene, tetraline, dihydronaphthalene, indanone, phenyl-cyclopentyl,cumene, cyclohexylphenyl, fluorene and indane. An aralkyl grouppreferably contains one or two aromatic ring systems (1 or 2 rings)containing from 6 to 10 carbon atoms and one or two alkyl, alkenyland/or alkynyl groups containing from 1 or 2 to 6 carbon atoms and/or acycloalkyl group containing 5 or 6 ring carbon atoms.

The expression heteroaralkyl refers to an aralkyl group as defined abovein which one or more (preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4) carbon atoms, eachindependently, have been replaced by an oxygen, nitrogen, silicon,selenium, phosphorus, boron or sulfur atom (preferably oxygen, sulfur ornitrogen), that is to say to a group containing both aryl and/orheteroaryl, respectively, and also alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and/orheteroalkyl and/or cycloalkyl and/or heterocycloalkyl groups inaccordance with the above definitions. A heteroaralkyl group preferablycontains one or two aromatic ring systems (1 or 2 rings) containing from5 or 6 to 10 ring carbon atoms and one or two alkyl, alkenyl and/oralkynyl groups containing 1 or 2 to 6 carbon atoms and/or a cycloalkylgroup containing 5 or 6 ring carbon atoms, wherein 1, 2, 3 or 4 of thesecarbon atoms have been replaced by oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atoms.

Examples are arylheteroalkyl, arylheterocycloalkyl,aryl-heterocycloalkenyl, arylalkylheterocycloalkyl,arylalkenyl-heterocycloalkyl, arylalkynylheterocycloalkyl,arylalkyl-heterocycloalkenyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylalkenyl,heteroarylalkynyl, heteroarylheteroalkyl, heteroarylcyclo-alkyl,heteroarylcycloalkenyl, heteroarylheterocycloalkyl,heteroarylheterocycloalkenyl, heteroarylalkylcycloalkyl,heteroarylalkylheterocycloalkenyl, heteroarylheteroalkyl-cycloalkyl,heteroarylheteroalkylcycloalkenyl andheteroaryl-heteroalkylheterocycloalkyl groups, the cyclic groups beingsaturated or mono-, di- or tri-unsaturated. Specific examples are atetrahydroisoquinolinyl, benzoyl, 2- or 3-ethylindolyl,4-methylpyridino, 2-, 3- or 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 2-, 3- or4-carboxyphenylalkyl group.

As already stated above, the expressions cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl,alkylcycloalkyl, heteroalkylcycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl andheteroaralkyl also refer to groups that are substituted by fluorine,chlorine, bromine or iodine atoms or by OH, ═O, SH, ═S, NH₂, ═NH, N₃ orNO₂ groups.

The term “optionally substituted” especially relates to groups that areoptionally substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atoms orby OH, ═O, SH, ═S, NH₂, ═NH, N₃ or NO₂ groups. This term furtherpreferably relates to groups, which can be exclusively or additionallysubstituted with unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₂-C₆ alkinylor C₁-C₆ heteroalkyl groups, or with an aryl group containing 6 or 10ring atoms or a heteroaryl group containing 5 or 6 to 9 or 10 ringatoms.

The term halogen preferably refers to F, Cl, Br or I.

According to a preferred embodiment, all alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,heteroalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl,alkylcycloalkyl, heteroalkylcycloalkyl, aralkyl and heteroaralkyl groupsdescribed herein may optionally be substituted.

When an aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl,heteroalkylcycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aralkyl or heteroaralkyl groupcontains more than one ring, these rings may be bonded to each other viaa single or double bond or these rings may be annulated.

Protecting groups are known to a person skilled in the art and e.g.described in P. J. Kocienski, Protecting Groups, Georg Thieme Verlag,Stuttgart, 1994 and in T. W. Greene, P. G. M. Wuts, Protective Groups inOrganic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1999. Common aminoprotecting groups are e.g. t-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc),t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS), benzyl-oxycarbonyl (Cbz, Z), benzyl (Bn),benzoyl (Bz), fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc), allyloxycarbonyl(Alloc), triethylsilyl (TES), trichlorethyloxycarbonyl (Troc), acetyl ortrifluoracetyl.

Compounds of formula (I), (II), (III) and (IV) may comprise severalchiral centers depending on their substitution pattern. The presentinvention relates to all defined enantio- and diastereoisomers as wellas their mixtures in all ratios. Moreover, the present invention relatesto all, cis/trans isomers of compounds of general formula (I), (II),(III) and (IV) as well as their mixtures. Moreover, the presentinvention relates to all tautomeric forms of compounds of the generalformula (I), (II), (III) and (IV). Preferably, compounds of formula (I),(II), (III) and (IV) have the same stereochemistry as naturallyoccurring tubulysin A.

Preferably, R² is H or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group.

Further preferably, R³ is H or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group.

Especially preferably, R² and R³ together are a group of formula(CH₂)_(m) wherein m is 3 or 4. Especially preferably, m is 4.

Further preferably, R⁴ is hydrogen.

Moreover preferably, R⁵ is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group. Especially preferably, R⁵is an iso-butyl group.

Further preferably, R⁷ is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group. Especially preferably, R⁷is an iso-propyl group.

Moreover preferably, n is 1.

Further preferably, Y is a CO group or a CH₂ group (especially a COgroup).

Further preferred are compounds of formula (II):

wherein R¹, R⁶, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰ and X are as defined above for compounds offormula (I), or a pharmacologically acceptable salt, solvate or hydratethereof.

Preferred embodiments of compounds of formula (I) and/or (II):

Preferably, R⁶ is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group or a C₁₋₈ heteroalkyl group.

Moreover preferably, R⁶ is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a group of formula—CH₂CH₂OH or a group of formula CH₂OR⁶¹ or CH₂OCOR⁶², wherein R⁶¹ isC₁₋₆ alkyl and R⁶² is C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, phenyl, or CH₂-Phenyl.

Especially preferably, R⁶ is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a group of formula—CH₂—O—C₁₋₆alkyl or a group of formula —CH₂—O—CO—C₁₋₆alkyl or a group offormula —CH₂CH₂OH.

Most preferably, R⁶ is a C₁-C₆ alkyl group (especially a group offormula —CH₂CH₂CH₃).

Moreover preferably, R⁸ is H, acetyl (—CO—CH₃), —CH₂OCH₃ or a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup.

Especially preferably, R⁸ is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (especially a group offormula —CH₂CH₂CH₃).

Further preferably, X is S.

Further preferably, if R¹ is not a group of formula —X¹-L¹-A¹ or—X¹—CH₂—CH₂—S—S-Py, R¹ is hydrogen, a methyl group or a group of formula—CO—CH₂—NH—CH₃; especially preferably hydrogen or a methyl group; mostpreferably, a methyl group.

According to a further preferred embodiment, R¹ is a heteroalkyl group(especially a group of formula —CO—CH₂—NH—CH₃).

Moreover preferably, if R⁹ is not a group of Formula —X³-L³-A³ or—X³—CH₂—CH₂—S—S-Py, R⁹ is H, OH, SH, F, CN, NH₂, Ph, Me, OMe, CF₃, OAc,NHMe or NMe₂; especially H, OH or F.

Moreover preferably, if R¹⁰ is not a group of Formula —X²-L²-A² or—X²—CH₂—CH₂—S—S-Py, R¹⁰ is OH, a group of formula O—C₁₋₆alkyl,O—CH₂-phenyl or a tetrazolyl group (especially a 5-tetrazolyl group).

Further preferably, if R¹⁰ is not a group of Formula —X²-L²-A² or—X²—CH₂—CH₂—S—S-Py and if n is 0 or 1 and if Y is CO or CH₂, R¹⁰ is OH,a group of formula O—C₃₋₆alkyl or O—CH₂-phenyl (especially OH).

Moreover preferably, if R¹⁰ is not a group of Formula —X²-L²-A² orX²—CH₂—CH₂—S—S-Py and if n is 0 and if Y is a bond, R¹⁰ is a tetrazolylgroup (especially a 5-tetrazolyl group).

Further preferably, X¹ is —CO— or —CO—O— (especially —CO—O—).

Moreover preferably, X² is —NH—NH—CO—O—, —NH—NH—, —NH—, or —NH—CO—(especially —NH—NH—CO—O—, —NH—NH— or —NH—). Most preferably, X² is—NH—NH—CO—O—.

Further preferably, X³ is —O—, —NH—, —NH—CO— or —O—CO—NH— (especially—O— or —NH—).

Moreover preferably, L¹ is a linear, optionally substitutedheteroalkylene group containing from 1 to 30 (e.g. 1 to 20; preferablyfrom 1 to 12; especially preferably from 1 to 7) carbon atoms in thechain and from 1 to 15 (preferably from 1 to 10; especially preferablyfrom 1 to 5) oxygen and/or nitrogen atoms, wherein this heteroalkylenegroup may preferably optionally be substituted by one or more alkylgroup(s), heteroalkyl group(s), ═O, OH, or NH₂ group(s), and whereinthis linear alkylene or heteroalkylene group may contain in its chainone or more (especially one or two) arylene group(s).

Further preferably, L² is a linear, optionally substitutedheteroalkylene group containing from 1 to 30 (e.g. 1 to 20; preferablyfrom 1 to 12; especially preferably from 1 to 7) carbon atoms in thechain and from 1 to 15 (preferably from 1 to 10; especially preferablyfrom 1 to 5) oxygen and/or nitrogen atoms, wherein this heteroalkylenegroup may preferably optionally be substituted by one or more alkylgroup(s), heteroalkyl group(s), ═O, OH, or NH₂ group(s), and whereinthis linear alkylene or heteroalkylene group may contain in its chainone or more (especially one or two) arylene group(s).

Moreover preferably, L³ is a linear, optionally substitutedheteroalkylene group containing from 1 to 30 (e.g. 1 to 20; preferablyfrom 1 to 12; especially preferably from 1 to 7) carbon atoms in thechain and from 1 to 15 (preferably from 1 to 10; especially preferablyfrom 1 to 5) oxygen and/or nitrogen atoms, wherein this heteroalkylenegroup may preferably optionally be substituted by one or more alkylgroup(s), heteroalkyl group(s), ═O, OH, or NH₂ group(s), and whereinthis linear alkylene or heteroalkylene group may contain in its chainone or more (especially one or two) arylene group(s).

Further preferably, L¹ is —(CH₂)_(r)—, —(CO—CH₂—NH)_(v)—CO—CH₂— or—(CH₂CH₂O)_(g)—CH₂CH₂—, wherein r is an integer of from 1 to 10, v is aninteger of from 1 to 10 and wherein g is an integer of from 0 to 12.

Moreover preferably, L² is —(CH₂)_(s)—, —(CO—CH₂—NH)_(x)—CO—CH₂— or—(CH₂CH₂O)_(p)—CH₂CH₂—, wherein s is an integer of from 1 to 10, x is aninteger of from 1 to 10 and wherein p is an integer of from 0 to 12.

Further preferably L³ is —(CH₂)_(o)—, —(CO—CH₂—NH)_(y)—CO—CH₂— or—(CH₂CH₂O)_(q)—CH₂CH₂—, wherein o is an integer of from 1 to 10, y is aninteger of from 1 to 10 and q is an integer of from 0 to 12.

Moreover preferably, L¹, L² or L³ are a group of formula:

—(CH₂CH₂O)_(g)—CH₂CH₂—NH—CO—(CH₂)_(b)—; or

—(CH₂CH₂O)_(g)—CH₂CH₂—NH—CO—(CH₂)_(d)—CO—NH—CH₂—;

wherein b is an integer of from 1 to 10, d is an integer of from 1 to 10and wherein g is an integer of from 0 to 12.

Further preferably, L¹, L² or L³ are a group of the following formula:

wherein preferably A¹, A² or A³ are bound to the right side of thisgroup.

Moreover preferably, L¹, L² or L³ are a group of the following formula:

wherein e is an integer of from 0 to 10 (preferably 1 to 5) and whereinpreferably A¹, A² or A³ are bound to the right side of this group.

Moreover preferably, L¹, L² or L³ comprise a group of the followingformula:

Preferably, A¹ is NH₂, N₃ or NH—C₁₋₆alkyl, a group of formula—NH—CO—CH₂—NH—(CO—CH₂—NH—)_(w)CO—CH₂—NH₂, or a C₂-C₆ alkynyl group or anoptionally substituted heteroaryl group or an optionally substitutedheterocycloalkyl group or an optionally substitutedheteroalkylcycloalkyl group or an optionally substituted heteroaralkylgroup, wherein w is an integer of from 1 to 5.

Further preferably, A² is NH₂, N₃ or NH—C₁₋₆alkyl, a group of formula—NH—CO—CH₂—NH—(CO—CH₂—NH—)_(w)CO—CH₂—NH₂, or a C₂-C₆ alkynyl group or anoptionally substituted heteroaryl group or an optionally substitutedheterocycloalkyl group or an optionally substitutedheteroalkylcycloalkyl group or an optionally substituted heteroaralkylgroup, wherein w is an integer of from 1 to 5.

Moreover preferably, A³ is NH₂, N₃ or NH—C₁₋₆alkyl, a group of formula—NH—CO—CH₂—NH—(CO—CH₂—NH—)_(w)CO—CH₂—NH₂, or a C₂-C₆ alkynyl group or anoptionally substituted heteroaryl group or an optionally substitutedheterocycloalkyl group or an optionally substitutedheteroalkylcycloalkyl group or an optionally substituted heteroaralkylgroup, wherein w is an integer of from 1 to 5.

Moreover preferably, A¹ is —NH₂, —N₃, —NHMe or —C≡CH or a maleimidylgroup or a group of the following formula:

Further preferably, A² is —NH₂, —N₃, —NHMe or —C≡CH or a maleimidylgroup or a group of the following formula:

Moreover preferably, A³ is —NH₂, —N₃, —NHMe or —C≡CH or a maleimidylgroup or a group of the following formula:

Especially preferably, group R¹ is selected from the following groups:

wherein * denotes the point of attachment to the compound of formula(I), (II), (III) or (IV).

Moreover especially preferably, group R¹⁰ is selected from the followinggroups:

(wherein a is 0 to 7)wherein * denotes the point of attachment to the compound of formula(I), (II) or (IV).

Moreover especially preferably, group R⁹ is selected from the followinggroups:

(wherein a is 0 to 7)wherein * denotes the point of attachment to the compound of formula(I), (II), (III) or (IV).

Moreover preferred are compounds of formula (III):

wherein n, X, R¹, R⁶, R⁸ and R⁹ are as defined above for compounds offormula (I) and (II), or a pharmacologically acceptable salt, solvate orhydrate thereof.

Especially preferred are compounds of formula (III), wherein

R¹ is hydrogen, a methyl group or a heteroalkyl group (especially amethyl group);R⁶ is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group or a group of formula CH₂OR⁶¹ or CH₂OCOR⁶²,wherein R⁶¹ is C₁₋₆ alkyl and R⁶² is C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, phenyl,or CH₂-Phenyl;R⁸ is H, an acetyl, a —CH₂OCH₃ or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group;R⁹ is H, OH, SH, F, CN, NH₂, Ph, Me, OMe, CF₃, OAc, NHMe or NMe₂;n is 0 or 1; and

X is S.

Moreover preferred are compounds of formula (IV):

wherein X, R¹, R⁶, R⁸, R⁹ and R¹⁰ are as defined above for compounds offormula (I) and (II), R² is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group and R³ is a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup or a pharmacologically acceptable salt, solvate or hydratethereof.

Especially preferred are compounds of formula (IV) wherein R² is amethyl group and R³ is a group of formula —CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃.

Moreover especially preferred are compounds of formula (I), (II), (III)and (IV), wherein X is S, R⁶ is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (especially an-propyl group) and R⁸ is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (especially a n-propylgroup).

Especially preferred compounds of formula (I), (II), (III) and/or (IV)are:

Preferably, the compounds disclosed in International Patent ApplicationPCT/EP2013/002790 are excluded from the present application or patent.

Especially preferably, the following compounds are excluded from thepresent application or patent:

The use of compounds of formula (I), (II), (III) and (IV) for thepreparation of medicaments (e.g. by conjugation) for the treatmentand/or prevention of cancer or other diseases is also subject of thepresent invention. Moreover, the present compounds are of interest forthe prevention and/or treatment of tumor diseases.

Cancers that can be treated or prevented by the compounds and thecorresponding conjugates of the present invention include, but are notlimited to human sarcomas and carcinomas, e.g., fibrosarcoma,myxosarcoma, liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, chordoma,angiosarcoma, endotheliosarcoma, lymphangiosarcoma,lymphangioendotheliosarcoma, synovioma, mesothelioma, Ewing's tumour,leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, colon carcinoma, pancreatic cancer,breast cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, squamous cell carcinoma,basal cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, sweat gland carcinoma, sebaceousgland carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, papillary adenocarcinomas,cystadenocarcinoma, medullary carcinoma, bronchogenic carcinoma, renalcell carcinoma, hepatoma, bile duct carcinoma, choriocarcinoma,seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, Wilms' tumour, cervical cancer,testicular tumour, lung carcinoma, small cell lung carcinoma, bladdercarcinoma, epithelial carcinoma, glioma, astrocytoma, medulloblastoma,craniopharyngioma, ependymoma, pinealoma, hemangioblastoma, acousticneuroma, oligodendroglioma, meningioma, melanoma, neuroblastoma,retinoblastoma; leukemias, e.g., acute lymphocytic leukaemia and acutemyelocytic leukaemia (myeloblastic, promyelocytic, myelomonocytic,monocytic and erythroleukemia); chronic leukaemia (chronic myelocytic(granulocytic) leukaemia and chronic lymphocytic Leukaemia), andpolycythemia vera, lymphoma (Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin'sdisease), multiple myeloma. Waldenstrohm's macroglobulinemia, and heavychain disease.

Other examples of leukaemias include acute and/or chronic leukaemias,e.g., lymphocytic leukaemia (e.g., as exemplified by the p388 (murine)cell line), large granular lymphocytic leukaemia, and lymphoblasticleukaemia; T-cell leukaemias, e.g., T-cell leukaemia (e.g., asexemplified by the CEM, Jurkat, and HSB-2 (acute), YAC 1 (murine) celllines), T-lymphocytic leukaemia, and T-lymphoblastic leukaemia; B cellleukaemia (e.g., as exemplified by the SB (acute) cellline), andB-lymphocytic leukaemia; mixed cellieukaemias, e.g., B and Tcellieukaemia and B and T lymphocytic leukaemia: myeloid leukaemias,e.g., granulocytic leukaemia, myelocytic leukaemia (e.g., as exemplifiedby the HL-60 (promyelocyte) cell line), and myelogenous leukaemia (e.g.,as exemplified by the K562 (chronic) cellline); neutrophilic leukaemia;eosinophilic leukaemia: monocytic leukaemia (e.g., as exemplified by theTHP-1 (acute) cellline); myclomonocytic Leukaemia; Naegeli-type myeloidleukaemia; and nonlymphocytic leukemia. Other examples of leukaemias aredescribed in Chapter 60 of The Chemotherapy Sourcebook, Michael C. PerryEd., Williams & Williams (1992) and Section 36 of Holland Frie CancerMedicine 5th Ed., Bast et al. Eds., B.C. Decker Inc. (2000). The entireteachings of the preceding references are incorporated herein byreference.

EXAMPLES

The syntheses of the respective building blocks used for the preparationof the respective compounds of formula (I), (II), (III) and (IV)(Tubulysin and/or Cytolysin Derivatives) were performed e.g. accordingto procedures described in PCT/EP2008/003762 (WO 2008/138561). The termCytolysins as used herein refers to synthetic derivatives of Tubulysins.

All compounds described herein were characterized by ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR andmass spectroscopy. The purity was identified by HPLC.

General Procedure for the Synthesis of Tubulysin/Cytolysin Derivativeswith Disulfide Spacers:

Synthesis of Tubulysin/Cytolysin-S—S-Py:

Tubulysin/Cytolysin or corresponding building block: 0.1 mmol

DMF: 7.0 mL

HBTU: 0.12 mmolDIEA: 0.4 mmolSpacer-HCl: 0.16 mmol

Therein, R is either a suitable protecting group known in the state ofthe art or the corresponding part of a tubulysin or cytolysin derivativeshown in the examples but not limited to these.

To a stirred solution of a Tubulysin/Cytolysin or the correspondingbuilding block and Spacer were added HBTU and diisopropylethylamine(DIEA) at 0° C. After complete addition the cooling bath was removed andthe reaction mixture was monitored by TLC or HPLC. After ca. 2-4 h thecompletion of reaction was indicated, then the mixture was loadeddirectly to a column and first eluted with pure DCM (ca. 700 mL) andthen with a gradient of 1-3% Methanol: DCM to obtain the pure compoundin ca. 65-85% yield.

General Procedure for the Synthesis of Tubulysin/Cytolysin Derivativeswith Hydrazide Spacers:Synthesis of Tubulysin/Cytolysin-NHNHCO—(O—CH₂—CH₂—O—)_(n)—N₃(Hydazide-Spacer):TAM424: 92 mg (0.119 mmol)^(i)butyl chloroformate: 16 μL (0.12 mmol, 1.01 eq.)

EtOAc: 2 mL DIPEA: 70 μL

Linker (e.g. TAM422B): 50 mg (0.16 mmol)

DIPEA and isobutyl chloroformate were added together with a syringe intoa solution of TAM424 in anhydrous EtOAc at −15° C. After stirring for 45minutes at −15° C. under argon a solution of TAM422B in anhydrous EtOAc(1.0 mL) was added to the reaction mixture. The resulting solution wasstirred under argon at −15° C. for 15 minutes and at room temperaturefor an additional 45 minutes and then concentrated. The residue waspurified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 1-3% MeOH in DCM) to giveTAM426 (59.5 mg, >95% purity according to HPLC) in 53% isolated yield.

General Procedure for the Synthesis of Tubulysin/Cytolysin Derivativeswith Alkyl Azide Spacer:Synthesis of Tubulysin/Cytolysin-(CH₂)_(n)—N₃:Tubulysin/Cytolysin: 0.1 mmol

DMF: 5 mL

K₂CO₃: 60 mgSpacer: 0.2 mmol

Therein, R is either a suitable protecting group known in the state ofthe art or the corresponding part of Tubulysin/Cytolysin derivativeshown in the examples but not limited to these.

To a stirred solution of Tubulysin/Cytolysin and K₂CO₃ was added thecorresponding alkyl azide spacer at RT. The reaction mixture was stirredovernight and monitored with TLC or HPLC. After completion of thereaction the solution was concentrated, redissolved in DCM and extractedwith saturated ammonium chloride. The aqueous phase was extracted withDCM, the organic fractions were combined and dried over sodium sulphate.After evaporation of the solvent the crude product was purified bycolumn chromatography (1-5%, Methanol:DCM).

General Procedure for the Synthesis of Tubulysin/Cytolysin Derivativeswith Ethylenoxy Spacers:Synthesis of Tubulysin/Cytolysin-(CH₂—CH₂—O—)_(n)-N₃:Tubulysin/Cytolysin: 0.1 mmol

Acetonitrile: 20 mL

K₂CO₃: 60 mgSpacer: 0.2 mmol

Therein, R is either a suitable protecting group known in the state ofthe art or the corresponding part of Tubulysin/Cytolysin derivativeshown in the examples but not limited to these.

To a stirred solution of a Tubulysin/Cytolysin or the correspondingbuilding block and K₂CO₃ the mesylated (oligo)-ethyleneoxy azide spacerwas added at RT and then heated to 60° C. for 18 h. The reaction wasmonitored with TLC or HPLC. After completion of the reaction the mixturewas filtered and concentrated. The residue was redissolved in DCM andextracted with saturated ammonium chloride. The aqueous phase wasextracted with DCM, the organic fractions were combined, washed withsaturated brine and dried over sodium sulphate. After removing thesolvent the product was purified by column chromatography (usually 1-5%;Methanol:DCM).

General Procedure for the Synthesis of Tubulysin/Cytolysin Derivativeswith Glycine Spacers:Synthesis of Tubulysin/Cytolysin-(Glycin)_(n)-NH₂:

Therein, R is either a suitable protecting group (PG) known in the stateof the art or the corresponding part of Tubulysin/Cytolysin derivativeshown in the examples but not limited to these.

The number of glycine derivatives is three to ten. The correspondingglycin moieties are used with the appropriate protection groups known inthe state of the art; e.g. the amino function is protected beforecoupling as a FMOC or BOC derivative and the carboxylic terminus isprotected as an ester which is able to be removed under commonly knownconditions. The carboxylic acid protection is removed before thecoupling to the Tubulysin/Cytolysin or the appropriate building block byusing the commonly known deprotection conditions.

TAM470: 78.5 mg (0.10 mmol)^(i)butyl chloroformate: 15 μL (0.11 mmol, 1.01 eq.)

EtOAc: 2.0 mL DIPEA: 70 μL

Boc-triglycine carboxylic acid: 32 mg (0.11 mmol)

DIPEA and isobutyl chloroformate were added together with a syringe to asolution of N-Boc-triglycine in anhydrous EtOAc at −15° C. Afterstirring for 45 minutes at −15° C. under argon a solution of TAM470 inanhydrous EtOAc (1.0 mL) was added to the reaction mixture. Theresulting solution was stirred under argon at −15° C. for 15 minutes andat room temperature for an additional 45 minutes and then concentrated.The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 1-3% MeOHin DCM) to give the BOC protected hydrazine derivative in 76% isolatedyield.

The BOC group was removed by dissolving the product obtained above inTHF (1 ml) and addition of hydrochloride in THF at 0° C. The reactionmixture was stirred for 30 min at room temperature. The reaction mixturewas diluted with dichloromethane and washed with saturated ammoniumchloride, dried and concentrated to yield 82 mg of the free amine TAM479(yield 86%).

Mass IC50 Name Structure [e/z] [nM] TAM008

1000.4 TAM024

 941.4

TAM274

940.3 TAM320

829.1 TAM370

1061.6  TAM374

 986.56 TAM394

958.4 TAM426

942.5 MCF7: 1.33 T47D: 2.0 MDA-MB-468: 1.71

TPM263

1034.5 TPM262

 974.5 TAM334

 758.0 SKBR3: 5.4 BT474: 5.2 HT29: 12.3 TAM365

 829.1 MDA-MB-468: 3.41 SK-N-MC: 0.92 HEK293: 0.99 TAM371

 946.2 MDA-MB-468: 0.13 SK-N-MC: <0.01 HEK293: 0.10 TAM375

 960.g MDA-MB-468: 25.8 HEK293: 34.6 SKBR3: 18.8

TAM405

843.1  TAM428

916.5  MCF7: 20.6 T-47D: 32.0 MDA-MB-468: 16.8 TPM258

758.0  TPM264

919.2  TPM266

859.1  TPM285

900.49 MCF-7: 0.27 T-47D: 0.79 MDA-MB-468: 0.64 SK.N-MC: 0.50

TPM295

874.50 MCF-7: 8.96 T-47D: 15.0 MDA-MB- 468: 10.3 SK.N-MC: 9.83 TAM479

956.55

In general the new molecules of the present invention show an activityagainst several cancer cell lines between 0.01 to 400 nM.

Possible chemical and enzymatic mediated conjugations of the compoundsof the present invention are e.g. amine mediated conjugation, Intein orSortase A mediated conjugation, TGase mediated conjugation, thiolmediated conjugation and “click chemistry” mediated conjugation, but notlimited thereto.

It is the objective of the present invention to provideTubulysin/Cytolysin derivatives which are modified in such a way thatthese derivatives can be used either directly or through the further useof an appropriate linker for conjugation to any kind of transportvehicles whether these are targeting molecules or biomolecules, such asproteins, peptides, small molecules or polymeric carriers which cancarry a targeting principle.

The described derivatives having an amino function can be used to attachan appropriate linker such as e.g. the valine citrulline maleimidelinker useful for the coupling to thiol groups G. M. Dubowchik et al.,Bioconjugate Chem 2002, 13, 855-869; S. C. Jeffrey et al., J. Med. Chem.2005, 48, 1344-1358).

Synthesis of Maleimido-Val-Cit-PABOCO-Tubulysin/Cytolysin-TAM461:

TAM461: 30.0 mg (0.041 mmol)

DMF: 3 mL

TAM465: 35 mg (0.045 mmol)

HOBt: 1.4 mg DIPEA: 10 μL

TAM461 and TAM465 were dissolved in anhydrous DMF under dry conditionsand the resulting solution was treated with HOBt and DIPEA. The reactionwas stirred at RT for 18 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated andthe resulting oil was purified by column chromatography using 2-6%methanol: DCM to give 35 mg (64%) of TAM467 as a white solid. ESI-MS:m/z=1371 [M+H].

Synthesis of Maleimido-Val-Cit-PABOCO-Tubulysin/Cytolysin-TAM470:

-   -   TAM470 (Tubulysin/Cytolysin): 0.07 mmol    -   DMF: 5 mL    -   TAM466 (Linker): 50 mg (0.065 mmol)    -   HOBt: 2.4 mg    -   DIPEA: 18 μL

TAM470 and TAM466 were dissolved in anhydrous DMF under dry conditionsand the resulting solution was treated with HOBt and DIPEA. The reactionwas stirred at RT for 18 h and then analysed with TLC, indicatingcompletion of reaction, The reaction mixture was concentrated and theresulting oil was purified with column chromatography using 4-12%methanol: DCM to give 56 mg of TAM471 (yield: 62%). ESI-MS: 1384.6[M+1].

Synthesis of Antibody-Drug Conjugates can be synthesized using theappropriate reduced antibodies and TAM467 or TAM471 according to e.g.protocols described in G. M. Dubowchik et al., Bioconjugate Chem. 2002,13, 855-869.

FURTHER EXAMPLES

Reaction of the Tubu Tripeptide TPM260 with the Azido-PEG-PhenylalanineHydrazine TPM283:

To a solution of the acid (TPM260, 279 mg, 0,478 mmol) in 5 ml dry DMF,DIPEA (0.18 ml, 2.1 eq.), HO-At (72 mg, 1.1 eq.) and EWG*HCl (97 mg,1.05 eq.) were added. The solution was stirred at room temperature for15 min. and a solution of the amine (TPM283, 232 mg) in 1 ml dry DMFwere added. The mixture was stirred for 24 hours at room temperature.The reaction mixture was diluted with ether and brine. The organic phasewas separated and washed again with brine. The combined organic phaseswere dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product waschromatographed (silica, dichloromethane:methanol 97:3→96:4). 279 mg ofTPM285 were obtained (69% yield).

Reduction of the Azide TPM285 to the Amine TPM295:

The azide (TPM285, 9.6 mg) was dissolved in 2 ml dry ethanol under Arand a 10% Pd/C was added. Ar was changed to hydrogen (1 atm.) and thesuspension was stirred for 5 h at room temperature. Pd/C was filteredthrough a pad of Celite and washed with dichloromethane. Concentrationin vacuo gave 12 mg of TPM295.

The same described derivatives having an primary amino function can beused for an enzymatic coupling with the enzyme Transglutaminase tobiomolecules having a glutamine at appropriate positions, e.g.antibodies (G. Pasut, F. M. Veronese, State of the Art in PEGylation:The great versatility achieved after forty years of research, J.Control. Release (2012) 161, 461-472 and references cited therein).

Synthesis of Antibody-Drug Conjugates using Herceptin™ and TAM375 andTGase was performed according to procedures known to a person skilled inthe art with different Drug Antibody Ratios (DAR) of one and two.

FIG. 1 shows dose-response curves of the in-vitro cytotoxic activity ofTAM375 ADC-1 and TAM375 ADC-2 against the SK-BR-3 human breast cancercell line. TAM-375 ADC-1 has an IC50 [M] of 2.246e-010 and TAM-375 ADC-2has an IC50 [M] of 1.257e-010.

The derivatives described in this invention having an azide function canbe used for an coupling utilizing the so-called Click chemistry wherebythe counterpart has an alkyne function. The same type of chemistry canbe used with an reverse order of function groups, i.e. having an alkynespacer group on the Tubulysin/Cytolysin and an azide function at themolecule which is going to be conjugated (J. M. Baskin et al., PNAS,2007, 104 (43), 16793-16797; E. M. Sletten et al., 2011 Acc. Chem. Res.2011, 44 (9) 666-676; M. K Schultz et al., Org. Lett. 2010, 12,2398-401; F. Schoenebeck et al., JACS 2009, 131, 8121-8133).

The derivatives described in this invention having an glycine tag ofthree to 10 glycins on the appropriate positions of thetubulysins/cytolysins can be used for an enzymatic coupling with theenzyme Sortase having the required sequence of LPXTG at the moleculewhich is going to be conjugated (Lit.: G. Pasut, F. M. Veronese, Stateof the Art in PEGylation: The great versatility achieved after fortyyears of research, J. Control. Release (2012) 161, 461-472; M. W.-L.Popp, H. L. Ploegh, Making and Breaking Peptide Bonds: ProteinEngineering Using Sortase, Ang. Chemie Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 5024-5032).

ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES

The following compounds have been synthesized in analogy to theprocedures described above:

MS data Name Structure [M + H] IC50 [nM] TAM484

869.6 TAM486 (= TAM405)

843.5 SK-N-MC 48.5 BT-474 50.9 MDA-MB-468 81.5 MCF-7 57.5 T-47D 142.0TAM487

872.5 TAM489

772.5 TAM491

758.5 SK-N-MC 4.57 BT-474 1.84 MCF-7 1.77 MDA-MB-468 2.68 TAM494

872.6 TAM496

772.5 MCF-7 103.0 BT-474 95.2 MDA-MB-468 214.0 SK-N-MC 300 TAM497

758.5 MCF-7 64.3 BT-474 50.0 MDA-MB-468 85.6 SK-N-MC 83.3 TAM507

1099.6  TAM508

943.5 TAM509 (= TAM428)

917.5 As ADC with Herceptin and DAR 2: 0.219 TAM510

1011.6  TAM521

786.5 MCF-7 6.74 BT-474 4.07 MDA-MB-468 20.0 SK-N-MC 15.3 TAM522

772.5 MCF-7 0..79 BT-474 0.98 MDA-MB-468 2.0 SK-N-MC 1.54 TAM523

901.5 MCF-7 92.1 BT-474 65.0 MDA-MB-468 221.0 SK-N-MC 150.0 TAM535

1267.6  TAM550

1095.6  TAM551

1356.7  HT1080 90.0 TAM552

1198.6  HT1080 10.0 TAM553

1500.8  HT1080 98.0 TAM556

1031.6  TAM557

1005.6  TAM558

1604.8  HT1080 98.0 TAM559

1371.6  TAM594

888.5 TAM596

1104.6  TAM597

1078.5  As ADC with Herceptin and DAR 2: 0.172 TAM598

788.5 MCF-7 4.39 MDA-MB-468 5.15 SK-N-MC 6.74 T-47D 8.17 TAM599

774.5 MCF-7 0.65 MDA-MB-468 0.64 SK-N-MC 0.77 T-47D 1.22 TAM601

888.5 TAM605/626

1216.4  TAM606

1276.6  TAM607

1176.6  TAM608

773.0 MCF-7 4.06 BT-474 1.69 MDA-MB-468 2.24 SK-N-MC 1.54 TAM609

788.5 MCF-7 2.17 BT-474 0.5 MDA-MB-468 3.32 SK-N-MC 2.12 TAM610

774.5 MCF-7 0.2 BT-474 0.1 MDA-MB-468 0.3 SK-N-MC 0.1 TAM620

831.5 TAM628

788.5 TAM649

1272.7  TAM663

1632.8  TAM665

1410.5  TAM666

1777.6  TAM674

903.4 HT-29 4.4 A2780 8.7 NCl-H1299 19.0 TAM675B

843.5 TPM320

 769.49 SK-N-MC 16.0 BT-474 11.0 TAM682

743.0 TAM683

1120.5  TAM687

1094.5  —

1178.5  —

1152.5  —

1109.4  —

1095.4 

1. A compound of formula (I)

wherein n is 0 or 1; X is O or S; Y is a CO group or a CH₂ group or abond; R² and R³ are independently H or an alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkylor heterocycloalkyl group, all of which may optionally be substituted,or R² and R³ together are a group of formula (CH₂)_(m) wherein m is 2,3, 4 or 5; R⁴ is H, an alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl orheterocycloalkyl group, all of which may optionally be substituted; R⁵is H, an alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl or heterocycloalkyl group, allof which may optionally be substituted; R⁶ is H, an alkyl, alkenyl,alkynyl, heteroalkyl, aralkyl or heteroaralkyl group, all of which mayoptionally be substituted; R⁷ is H, an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,heteroalkyl, aralkyl or heteroaralkyl group, all of which may optionallybe substituted; R⁸ is H, an alkyl, heteroalkyl group, aralkyl orheteroaralkyl group, all of which may optionally be substituted; andeither R¹ is H, a heteroalkyl group or a group of formula —X¹-L¹-A¹ or—X¹—CH₂—CH₂—S—S-Py, wherein Py is a 2-pyridyl group; and R⁹ is H, OH,SH, CN, NH₂, NO₂, halogen, or an alkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl,aryloxy or heteroaryloxy group, all of which may optionally besubstituted; and R¹⁰ is OH, NH₂, NHNH₂, O—NH₂, or a heteroalkyl,heteroaryl, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, heteroaralkyloxy or heteroaryloxygroup, all of which may optionally be substituted; or R¹ is H, an alkylgroup or a heteroalkyl group, all of which may optionally besubstituted; and R⁹ is H, OH, SH, CN, NH₂, NO₂, halogen, or an alkyl,heteroalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryloxy or heteroaryloxy group, all ofwhich may optionally be substituted; and R₁₀ is a group of formula—X²-L²-A² or —X²—CH₂—CH₂—S—S-Py, wherein Py is a 2-pyridyl group or, ifY is a bond, a heteroaryl group; or R¹ is H, an alkyl group or aheteroalkyl group, all of which may optionally be substituted; and R⁹ isa group of formula —X³-L³-A³ or —X³—CH₂—CH₂—S—S-Py, wherein Py is a2-pyridyl group; and R¹⁰ is OH, NH₂, NHNH₂, O—NH₂, or a heteroalkyl,heteroaryl, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, heteroaralkyloxy or heteroaryloxygroup, all of which may optionally be substituted; X¹ is a bond or—CO—O—, —CO—, —NH— or —NHCO—O—; X² is —NH—NH—CO—O—, —NH—NH—CO—S—,—NH—NH—CO—NH—, —NH—CO—, —NH—NH—, —O—, —O—NH—, —S— or —NH—; X³ is —O—,—S—, —NH—, —O—NH—, —O—CO—NH—, —O—CO—, —NH—CO—, —NH—CO—O—, —NH—CO—NH—,—NHNHCO—O—, —NHNHCO—S— or —NHNHCO—NH—; L¹ is a linear, optionallysubstituted alkylene group containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms in thechain or a linear, optionally substituted heteroalkylene groupcontaining from 1 to 50 carbon atoms in the chain and from 1 to 20oxygen, sulfur and/or nitrogen atoms, wherein this linear alkylene orheteroalkylene group may contain in its chain one or more arylene orheteroarylene group(s); L² is a linear, optionally substituted alkylenegroup containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms in the chain or a linear,optionally substituted heteroalkylene group containing from 1 to 50carbon atoms in the chain and from 1 to 20 oxygen, sulfur and/ornitrogen atoms, wherein this linear alkylene or heteroalkylene group maycontain in its chain one or more arylene or heteroarylene group(s); L³is a linear, optionally substituted alkylene group containing from 1 to20 carbon atoms in the chain or a linear, optionally substitutedheteroalkylene group containing from 1 to 50 carbon atoms in the chainand from 1 to 20 oxygen, sulfur and/or nitrogen atoms, wherein thislinear alkylene or heteroalkylene group may contain in its chain one ormore arylene or heteroarylene group(s); A¹ is OH, SH, NH₂, N₃ orNH—C₁₋₆alkyl, a group of formula—NH—CO—CH₂—NH—(CO—CH₂—NH—)_(w)CO—CH₂—NH_(2r) or a C₂-C₆ alkynyl group oran optionally substituted heteroaryl group or an optionally substitutedheterocycloalkyl group or an optionally substitutedheteroalkylcycloalkyl group or an optionally substituted heteroaralkylgroup or an optionally substituted aryl group or an optionallysubstituted aralkyl group, wherein w is an integer of from 1 to 5; andA² is OH, SH, NH₂, N₃ or NH—C₁₋₆alkyl, a group of formula—NH—CO—CH₂—NH—(CO—CH₂—NH—)_(w)CO—CH₂—NH₂, or a C₂-C₆ alkynyl group or anoptionally substituted heteroaryl group or an optionally substitutedheterocycloalkyl group or an optionally substitutedheteroalkylcycloalkyl group or an optionally substituted heteroaralkylgroup or an optionally substituted aryl group or an optionallysubstituted aralkyl group, wherein w is an integer of from 1 to 5; A³ isOH, SH, NH₂, N₃ or NH—C₁₋₆alkyl, a group of formula—NH—CO—CH₂—NH—(CO—CH₂—NH—)_(w)CO—CH₂—NH₂, or a C₂-C₆ alkynyl group or anoptionally substituted heteroaryl group or an optionally substitutedheterocycloalkyl group or an optionally substitutedheteroalkylcycloalkyl group or an optionally substituted heteroaralkylgroup or an optionally substituted aryl group or an optionallysubstituted aralkyl group, wherein w is an integer of from 1 to 5; or apharmacologically acceptable salt, solvate or hydrate thereof.
 2. Acompound according to claim 1 having the following formula (II):

wherein R¹, R⁶, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰ and X are as defined in claim
 1. 3. Acompound according to claim 1, wherein R⁶ is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a groupof formula —CH₂CH₂OH or a group of formula CH₂OR⁶¹ or CH₂OCOR⁶², whereinR⁶¹ is C₁₋₆ alkyl and R⁶² is C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, phenyl, orCH₂-Phenyl.
 4. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R⁸ is H, anacetyl, a —CH₂OCH₃ or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group.
 5. A compound according toclaim 1, wherein R¹ is hydrogen, a methyl group or a group of formula—CO—CH₂—NH—CH₃; R⁹ is H, OH, SH, F, CN, NH₂, Ph, Me, OMe, CF₃, OAc, NHMeor NMe₂; and R¹⁰ is a group of Formula —X²-L²-A² or —X²—CH₂—CH₂—S—S-Py.6. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R¹ is hydrogen, a methylgroup or a group of formula —CO—CH₂—NH—CH₃; R⁹ is a group of Formula—X³-L³-A³ or —X³—CH₂—CH₂—S—S-Py; and R¹⁰ is OH, a group of formulaO—C₁₋₆alkyl, O—CH₂-phenyl or a tetrazolyl group.
 7. A compound accordingto claim 1, wherein R¹ is a group of formula —X¹-L¹-A¹ or—X¹—CH₂—CH₂—S—S-Py; R⁹ is H, OH, SH, F, CN, NH₂, Ph, Me, OMe, CF₃, OAc,NHMe or NMe₂; and R¹⁰ is OH, a group of formula O—C₁₋₆alkyl,O—CH₂-phenyl or a tetrazolyl group.
 8. A compound according to claim 1,wherein R¹ is hydrogen or a heteroalkyl group; R⁹ is H, OH, SH, F, CN,NH₂, Ph, Me, OMe, CF₃, OAc, NHMe or NMe₂; and R¹⁰ is OH, a group offormula O—C₁₋₆alkyl, O—CH₂-phenyl or a tetrazolyl group.
 9. A compoundaccording to claim 1, wherein R¹ is hydrogen, a methyl group or aheteroalkyl group; R⁹ is H, OH, SH, F, CN, NH₂, Ph, Me, OMe, CF₃, OAc,NHMe or NMe₂; Y is a bond; and R¹⁰ is a tetrazolyl group.
 10. A compoundaccording to claim 1, wherein X¹ is —CO— or —CO—O—; X² is —NH—NH—CO—O—,—NH—NH—, —NH—, or —NH—CO—; or X³ is —O—, —NH—, —NH—CO— or —O—CO—NH—. 11.A compound according to claim 1, wherein L¹ is —(CH₂)_(r)—,—(CO—CH₂—NH)_(v)—CO—CH₂— or —(CH₂CH₂O)_(g)—CH₂CH₂—, wherein r is aninteger of from 1 to 10, v is an integer of from 1 to 10 and wherein gis an integer of from 0 to 12; or L² is —(CH₂)_(s)—,—(CO—CH₂—NH)_(x)—CO—CH₂— or —(CH₂CH₂O)_(p)—CH₂CH₂—, wherein s is aninteger of from 1 to 10, x is an integer of from 1 to 10 and wherein pis an integer of from 0 to 12; or L³ is —(CH₂)_(o)—,—(CO—CH₂—NH)_(y)—CO—CH₂— or —(CH₂CH₂O)_(g)—CH₂CH₂—, wherein o is aninteger of from 1 to 10, y is an integer of from 1 to 10 and q is aninteger of from 0 to
 12. 12. A compound according to claim 1, whereinL¹, L² or L³ are a group of formula:—(CH₂CH₂O)_(g)—CH₂CH₂—NH—CO—(CH₂)_(b)—; or—(CH₂CH₂O)_(g)—CH₂CH₂—NH—CO—(CH₂)_(d)—CO—NH—CH₂—; wherein b is aninteger of from 1 to 10, d is an integer of from 1 to 10 and wherein gis an integer of from 0 to
 12. 13. A compound according to claim 1,wherein L¹, L² or L³ are a group of the following formula:


14. A compound according to claim , wherein L¹, L² or L³ are a group ofthe following formula:

wherein e is an integer of from 0 to
 10. 15. A compound according toclaim 1, wherein L¹, L² or L³ comprise a group of the following formula:


16. A compound according to claim 1, wherein A¹ is —NH₂, —N₃, —NHMe or—C≡CH or a maleimidyl group or a group of the following formula:

A² is —NH₂, —NHMe or —C≡CH or a maleimidyl group or a group of thefollowing formula:

or A³ is —NH₂, —NHMe or —C≡CH or a maleimidyl group or a group of thefollowing formula:


17. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R¹ is selected from thefollowing groups:

wherein denotes the point of attachment to the compound of formula (I)or (II).
 18. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R¹⁰ is selectedfrom the following groups:

(wherein a is 0 to 7) wherein denotes the point of attachment to thecompound of formula (I) or (II).
 19. A compound according to claim 1,wherein R⁹ is selected from the following groups:

(wherein a is 0 to 7) wherein denotes the point of attachment to thecompound of formula (I) or (II).
 20. A compound according to claim 1having the following formula (III):

wherein n, X, R¹, R⁶, R⁸ and R⁹ are as defined in claim 1 or apharmacologically acceptable salt, solvate or hydrate thereof.
 21. Acompound according to claim 20, wherein R¹ is hydrogen, a methyl groupor a heteroalkyl group; R⁶ is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group or a group of formulaCH₂OR⁶¹ or CH₂OCOR⁶², wherein R⁶¹ is C₁₋₆ alkyl and R⁶² is C₁₋₆ alkyl,C₂-C₆ alkenyl, phenyl, or CH₂-Phenyl; R⁸ is H, an acetyl, a —CH₂OCH₃ ora C₁₋₆ alkyl group; R⁹ is H, OH, F, CN, NH₂, Ph, Me, OMe, CF₃, OAc, NHMeor NMe₂; n is 0 or 1; and X is S.
 22. A compound according to claim 1,having the following formula (IV):

wherein X, R¹, R⁶, R⁸, R⁹ and R¹⁰ are as defined in claim 1 and R² is aC₁₋₆ alkyl group and R³ is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group.
 23. A compound accordingto claim 1 which is selected from the following compounds:

24-25. (canceled)
 26. A method for treating a subject suffering fromcancer, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of acompound of claim
 1. 27. A compound of claim 1, wherein the compound isconjugated to a carrier or targeting molecule.
 28. A compound of claim25 wherein the carrier or targeting molecule is a small molecule,polymer, or biomolecule.